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'Khosrow and Shirin', also spelled Khosrau and Shirin, Chosroes and Shirin, Husraw and Shireen and Khosru and Shirin, is the title of a celebrated Persian tragic romance by the Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi (1141–1209) who also wrote 'Layla and Majnun'.<br/><br/> It tells an elaborate fictional version of the story of the love of the Sasanian king Khosrow II for the Armenian princess Shirin, who becomes his queen. The narrative is a love story of Persian origin which is also well-known from the great historical poem the Shahnameh.
Ahmad Shah Durrani (1722-1772), also known as Ahmad Khan Abdali, was an Afghan ruler and king who founded the Durrani Empire, regarded by many as the founder of modern Afghanistan. The Durrani Empire, also referred to as the Afghan Empire, was a monarchy centered in Afghanistan and included northeastern Iran, the modern state of Pakistan as well as the Punjab region of India. It was established at Kandahar in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durrani, an Afghan military commander under Nader Shah of Persia and chief of the Abdali tribe. After the death of Ahmad Shah in about 1773, the Emirship was passed onto his children followed by grandchildren and its capital was shifted to Kabul.<br/><br/> With the support of tribal leaders, Ahmad Shah Durrani extended Afghan control from Meshed to Kashmir and Delhi, from the Amu Darya to the Arabian Sea. Next to the Ottoman Empire, the Durrani was the greatest Muslim Empire in the second half of the eighteenth century. The Durrani Empire is considered the foundation of the current state of Afghanistan, with Ahmad Shah Durrani being considered the ‘Father’ of modern Afghanistan.